Asian Culture and Art Studies (Motaleat-e Farhang va Honare Asiya)

Abstract This article attempts to analyze how Iranian hosts and Afghan refugees are represented in the literary work "Awar-e Bi-Khorshid" by Mohammad Hadi Mohammadi, using postcolonial theory. The main question of this study is: what messages are conveyed through the depiction of Afghan refugees in the narrative of "Awar-e Bi-Khorshid," and what role does this portrayal play in constructing a new identity for Afghans in contrast to the Iranian "Others"? The hypothesis of this research is that the portrayal of Buman, an Afghan child laborer, in Mohammadi’s narrative is reflected more prominently in the narratives of Afghan writers as well. These narratives emphasize Afghanistan’s and Iran’s differing identities, races, languages, cultures, and histories, and attempt to highlight their distinctions while also addressing the marginalized position of Afghan migrants. These stories give voice to the marginalized Afghan refugee community, enabling them not only to counter opposing narratives but also to invert this subordinate portrayal and speak about their cultural, historical, and natural advantages. Their power of speech and storytelling has influenced Iranian writers’ perceptions as well, prompting them to produce their own works within such a discursive space.

Abstract Coverage is one of the topics that varies according to the geography and culture of each region. This issue has not only been affected by geography, but also by factors such as religion. Among the periods discussed among historians are the periods of the Qajar rule in Iran and the period of the fall of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia. Women in these governments have been an integral part of society. With the advent of Islam and its acceptance by the Turks and Iranians, Islamic-Arab customs and traditions have been seen in the governments formed in Iran and Anatolia. The rules of Islam have been seen in every field, especially women's clothing. With the rise of the ideology of modernism in the world in the 18th century, the Ottoman and Qajar governments were not unaffected. Women's clothing was one of the things that changed. How women dressed in the Ottoman and Qajar rule is one of the issues that have been studied. This research seeks to answer questions such as the type of women's clothing in the mentioned periods and the answer to the extent of the influence and influence of these governments from other new cultures that emerged after the 1789 French Revolution in the world. In addition to the use of library resources, the resources of the National Archives of the President of Turkey in Istanbul have also been used to investigate this issue.

Abstract Cities, like humans, have independent and different identities. Urban identity includes the characteristics that distinguish a city from other cities. The issue of urban identity plays a key role not only in identifying cities but also in the process of identifying citizens and strengthening urban culture. The identity bases of cities have been formed under the influence of natural, artificial, human and historical events. These elements play an important role as meaningful signs in reading the meanings hidden in the physical space of the city and understanding the differences and continuity of cities. The purpose of this article is to analyze the explanatory signs of urban identity in Tehran during the Qajar period and how they function. The method of this research is historical-interpretive and based on the approach of urban semiology. In this approach, the existence of signs and meanings of physical elements for reading the environment and understanding the identity-building components of Tehran in the Qajar era has been investigated. The findings of this study indicate that symbolic symbols, due to their historical, cultural and mythological origins, have a greater explanatory capacity in representing the identity components of Tehran in the Qajar era. In the process of semiotics of Tehran urban spaces in this period, some inconsistencies of signification and function can be understood only through historical significations.