Asian Culture and Art Studies (Motaleat-e Farhang va Honare Asiya)

Ancient Iranian architecture from urbanism era, based of Glyptic art

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Morteza Hessari

Department of Archaeology, Art University of Isfahn

https://doi.org/10.30465/acas.2020.5028
Abstract
The Urbanism architecture expresses in a public (ritual or control) and enduring manner the ability of an authority to control the materials, specialized power was symbolized and reinforced by the large scale on which processional ways, palaces, temple and houses were constructed.The seals and seal impression motifs are one of the resources understanding architecture this period, that in this research has been used. The research methodology is descriptive - analytical, and data this research is library. The main purposes of this research: identify the use some of the architectural structures of this period as: temples, alcazar, repository, sheepcote; understanding the differences between parts of ritual and court; understanding the reason obtained seal motifs related to repository architecture in Khuzestan.The Urbanism period was a development specific; it reached the distant frontiers of the country in what must have been a network of communication and exchange probably emanating from Susa, the basic way they symbolize power, control of which is the fundamental measure of power. A striking example of such uniformity is urbanism architecture, which is associated with all urbanism societies in ancient near East.  Urbanism architecture embraces houses, public building, Temple alcazar, repository, sheepcote; yet for all of the skills, that were invested and explain in their construction, the functional range of so “monumental architecture” found in the early civilizations was very limited. The emphasis on different types of monumental buildings also varied one early civilization to another and from region to region in a particular ancient Iranian civilization.

Keywords

Kuzestan
Uruk
Mesopotamia
Urbanism
Proto-Elamite
حصاری، مرتضی (1384). «فرهنگ حوزة جنوب‌شرق ایران». در فرهنگ حاشیه هلیل رود و جیرفت. به‌کوشش مرتضی حصاری و صدیقه پیران، تهران: موزه ملی ایران. صص: 87-17.
_________. (1396). «شناخت، بازخوانی و مدل‌سازی بخشی از معماری هزارة سوم ق.م. ایران براساس نقش‌مایه‌های سنگ‌صابونی». نشریة پژوهش‌های باستان‌شناسی ایران. دورة هفتم. شمارة 12. صص: 98-83.
حصاری، مرتضی و ایروانی‌قدیم، فرشید (1391). «سبک معماری دورة آغاز تاریخی ایران و بین‌النهرین براساس نقوش مهر و اثرمهر». مزدک‌نامه 4. صص: 137-124.
کابلی، میرعابدین (1365). «شهداد مرکزایالت آراتا؟». مجلة باستان‌شناسی و تاریخ. سال اول. شمارة اول. صص: 62-50.
ملک‌شهمیرزادی، صادق (1367). ‌«بررسی طبقة اجتماعی در دوران استقرار در روستا براساس روش تدفین در زاغه». مجلة باستان‌شناسی و تاریخ. سال دوم. شمارة دوم. صص: 12-2.
Dittmann, R. 2013. "Glyptik and Patterns of Urbanization─a Humble Approach". In:  Kämmerer─ Rogge (Eds.). Patterns of Urban Societies. AOAT 390/.  (Münster. Ugarit Verlag). 35─ 137.
__________. 2017. "The Representation of Architecture in Glyptic from the Middle Uruk─ to the earlier part of the Early Dynastic Period ─ Reality or pure Guesswork?"
 APPROACHING THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD(S). Elements for a Virtual Workshop. Münster.
Heinrich, E. 1957.Bauwerke in der Altsumerischen Bildkunst. Wiesbaden.
_________. 1984. Denkmäler Antiker Architektur.Verlag Walter De Gruyter & Co. Berlin.
 
Huh, S. K. 2008. Studien zur Region Lagasch. Von der Ubaid─ bis zur  altbabylonischen Zeit. AOAT 345 (Münster).
Kiguradze, T.1986. Neolithische Siedlungen von Kvemo-Kartli, Georgien. AVAM 29 .Műnchen.
Klengel-Brandt .E 1997. Mit Sieben Siegeln Versehen. Berlin
Le Breton, Louis. 1957. "The Early Period at Susa, Mesopotamian Relations". IRAQ XIX(2): 79-124.
Legrain. 1936. Archaic Seal─Impressions. Ur Excavations Vol. III (London).
Mallowan. M. E & Rose .J. C. 1935. "Excavations at Tall Arpachiyeh". Iraq Vol II. Part1. London.
Masson, V. M. 1981. "Urban Centers of Early Class Society". In: P.L. Kohl (ed.), The Bronze Age Civilization of Central Asia, Recent Soviet Discoveries (New York) 135–148.
Moortgat, A. 1949. Tammuz. Der Unsterblichkeitsglaube in der altorientalischen Bildkunst. Berlin.
Nissen, H. J. 1987. "Übersicht über die Hauptzeicherformen der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk". In Green and Nissen (Eds). Zeichenliste der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk. Berlin.
Pittman, H. 1999. "Administrative Evidence from Hacinebi Tepe: An Essay on the Local and the Colonial". Paléorient 25/1. 43-50.
Rova, Elena. 1994. Ricerche sui sigilli a cilindro Vicino─Orientali del period di Uruk/Jemdet Nasr. Orientis Antiqui Collectio XX (Roma).
Stein, G. J. 1999. "Material Culture and Social Identity: the Evidence for a 4 TH Millennium BC Mesopotamian Uruk Colony at Hacinebi, Turkey". Paléorient Vol. 25.1.11-22.
Strommenger, Eva; Sürenhagen, D. & Rittig, Dessa.  2014. Die Kleinfunde von Habuba Kabira─Süd. WVDOG 141. Harrassowitz.
Tallqvist, Knut. 1938. "Akkadische Götterepitheta". Studia Orientalia VII, Helsingfors. 1-244.
Stopler . M. W. & Salvini, A. B. 1992. "The Written Record". In Harper et all., (Eds) Royal city of Susa. New York.
Vallat, F. 2003. " Ľorigine Orientale de la Ziggurat". Dossiers ď Archeologie, no 287. 92-95.
Van Ess, Margarete. 2013. Uruk ─ Verortung in Raum und Zeit. In: Crüsemann et al., (Eds). Uruk. 5000 Jahre Megacity. 39─45.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asian Culture and Art Studies (Motaleat-e Farhang va Honare Asiya)
Volume 2, Issue 1
June 2023
Pages 43-68

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us