نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار جمعیت شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جمعیت شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، ایران

چکیده

تأثیر مذهب بر رفتارهای جمعیتی عمدتاًدر مذاهب دیگربه‌صورتگسترده‌ایمطالعه شده است. هرچند آیین بودا چهارمین مذهب بزرگ دنیا و مذهب حاکم در چندین کشور آسیایی است و باروری خیلی کمی را تجربه می‌کند، لیکن اثر آیین بودائی بر فرزندآوری کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. این مقاله درصدد آن است تا در حد امکان به سوال اصلی تحقیق یعنی رفتارهای جمعیتی مذاهب در آسیا با تاکید بر آیین بودا جواب دهد.تفاوت‌های مذهبی در مدت زمان باروری نسلیدر چهار مطالعه موردی (ایران، مغولستان، تایلند و ژاپن) تحلیل شده است. تحلیل به دو بخش تقسیم شده است: تحلیل توصیفی و چند متغیری.نتایج نشان می دهد که تمایل به مذهببودائی رابطه عکس با میزان فرزندآوری، تحصیلات، محل اقامت، سن و مرحله ازدواج دارد. دال بر اینکه گرایش یا طرفداری مذهب بودائی با باروری زیاد در بین این زمینه‌های فرهنگی مختلف مرتبط نیست.در میان تنوع فرهنگی زیاد و زمینه‌های رشدی که بر نژادهای مختلف بودائی حاکم است، بدون تناقض بودا دارای ارتباط منفی با باروری است. این نتایج مغایر با مطالعات ادیان ابراهیمی است که ارتباط مثبت بین مذهب و باروری وجود دارد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of population-fertility behaviors of Buddhism in Asia

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Pezhhan 1
  • Anita Kamaliha 2

1 Department of demography

2 Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies

چکیده [English]

The influence of religion on demographic behaviors has been extensively studied mainly for Abrahamic religions. Although Buddhism is the world´s fourth largest religion and is dominant in several Asian nations experiencing very low fertility, the impact of Buddhism on childbearing has received comparatively little research
attention. This paper draws upon a variety of data sources in different countries in Asia in order to
test our hypothesis that Buddhism is related to low fertility.Religious differentials in terms of period fertility in three nations (India, Cambodia and Nepal) and cohort fertility in three case studies (Mongolia, Thailand and Japan) are analyzed. The analyses are divided into two parts: descriptive and multivariate analyses.
Our results suggest that Buddhist affiliation tends to be negatively or not associated with childbearing outcomes, controlling for education, region of residence, age and marital status. Although the results vary between the highly diverse contextual and institutional settings investigated, we find evidence that Buddhist affiliation or devotion is not related to elevated fertility across these very different cultural settings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Buddhism"
  • "fertility"
  • "religion"
  • "Asia"
  • "demographic behaviors"
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-          سازمان ثبت احوال کشور به آدرس www.sabteahval.ir
-         عباسی شوازیمحمد جلال و رسول صادقی(1385): قومیت و باروری: تحلیل رفتار باروری گروه های قومی در ایران. نامه علوم اجتماعی 29.
 
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