hashem agajari; seyed ali mezinani; mehran rezaei; mohamad shahidi
Abstract
Between 909 and 1135 AH / 1501 and 1725 CE, the Armenians of the Caucasus, as a small minority of the monarchy of Iran, have been engaged in politics and trade in an era that its major feature was the globalization of economy based on a set of absolutist governments. The fact that how policy making at ...
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Between 909 and 1135 AH / 1501 and 1725 CE, the Armenians of the Caucasus, as a small minority of the monarchy of Iran, have been engaged in politics and trade in an era that its major feature was the globalization of economy based on a set of absolutist governments. The fact that how policy making at such a level and such a range had been possible for such a limited population and what kind of political issues shaped their concerns is an essential question. An analysis of this problem through Anthony Giddens's construction theory and its complementary historical sociology makes it clear that the increasing movement of the Armenians social system towards authoritative sources and the new species of resource allocation with high-throughput capability in time-space, actualized such a possibility and, Armenians’ political issues were the result of these sources and were oriented towards the preservation of the sources and focused on their preservation.
leila elahian
Abstract
Indian subcontinent in the tenth has been one of Persian language and literature flourishing centers, somewhere far from its homeland. “Golbadan nameh”, the first Persian lady_written prose, which is belonged to this period, has been written by a non-Iranian lady. Golbadan as a woman with ...
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Indian subcontinent in the tenth has been one of Persian language and literature flourishing centers, somewhere far from its homeland. “Golbadan nameh”, the first Persian lady_written prose, which is belonged to this period, has been written by a non-Iranian lady. Golbadan as a woman with social prestige and observer of events, left memoirs of behavior of his father, Baber, and his brother, Homayoun. But it seems that this book is more than a memoir, it seeks to highlight, hide, or change things in a feminine way. The question of the present study was what historical-cultural issues “Golbadan nameh” addressed, especially in showing the ever-hidden part of governments, namely women, the interior and their relations, from a woman's point of view and in this way how the author has presented a historical narrative of his father and brother. For this purpose, after representing the historical content of the book, two issues worth considering, the position of women in the court as well as the beliefs and rituals that are represented during the represented memories, was investigated. As a result, it was found that the characters and presented memories are usually chosen based on the family relationship with the present king (Akbar Shah) and from a feminine perspective, the author seeks to prove the legitimacy of Homayoun Shah's rule, the loyalty of his other brother, Handal, their deep intimacy, and their efforts to honor women and family relationships.
Somayeh Rasooli ebrahimi fard; xashayar ghazizadeh
Abstract
This paper analyzes the role of stamping of Qajar period milk and sun; the study of motifs in different periods has long been considered by researchers and researchers in artistic research. Drawings of ancient and historical works are considered as visual documents, whose study can be considered in the ...
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This paper analyzes the role of stamping of Qajar period milk and sun; the study of motifs in different periods has long been considered by researchers and researchers in artistic research. Drawings of ancient and historical works are considered as visual documents, whose study can be considered in the presentation of information about the time of occurrence of the work. Therefore, motifs and images of the stamps can also be in the form of a work, reflecting the cultural, artistic, social, and ... attributes of its origins. The research problem was focused on the relationship between these designs during the Qajar era by analyzing iconography. Accordingly, the researcher claims that the emergence of stamps from the beginning was due to the presence of governing systems largely imprinted on the images of rulers, national motifs, and sometimes include important figures and individuals of their era; in this regard, to explain the concepts behind the role and Stamp design in order to achieve the fundamental cultural and social values and concepts of the current period. The present study focuses on the iconographic method in three stages of description, analysis and interpretation to the semantic understanding of the symbolic role of the relevant stamps in the Qajar period. The results show that the sun and milk designs are rooted in the myths and beliefs of the ancient Iranian people, which, due to its importance and value, have evolved throughout history, and as a national symbol on the plain, coins, badges, stamps and ... Picture Has been.
sajjad Aydenloo
Abstract
Jam-e Jahannama [the Cups] of Jamshid and Keyxosro are of the most famous Cups in Iranian literary texts and narrations. Besides the description and explanation of literary, historical and fictional resources and ancient cultures, contemporary researchers from about a hundred and fifty years ago, have ...
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Jam-e Jahannama [the Cups] of Jamshid and Keyxosro are of the most famous Cups in Iranian literary texts and narrations. Besides the description and explanation of literary, historical and fictional resources and ancient cultures, contemporary researchers from about a hundred and fifty years ago, have investigated these two famous Cups and many points in this regard have been propounded, but with more searches in different sources, there are still new documents and evidences. In this article, after a brief review of the most important theories and researches related to the Cups of Jamshid and Keyxosro, some recent or less noticeable points or evidences from numerous literary, historical and fictional references have been examined in seven sections/topics about these two Cups: 1. The origin and pattern of the Jam-e Jahannama; 2. The Ancientness, originality and independence of both Cups of Jamshid and Keyxosro; 3. How to make the Jām-e Jam; 4. Gender of the Jam-e-Jahanbin; 5. The relationship between the Jam-e Gitinama and water; 6. The end of the Cup; and 7. Commentaries on the Cup.
Elham Eil; Mohammad Aref
Abstract
The present article tries to study the analytical and cognitive symbol of the color of pomegranate film, a work of Russian-Armenian director Sergei Parajanov from the point of view of symbolic anthropology. Symbolic anthropology, which has been created along the lines of the 1970s and with the efforts ...
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The present article tries to study the analytical and cognitive symbol of the color of pomegranate film, a work of Russian-Armenian director Sergei Parajanov from the point of view of symbolic anthropology. Symbolic anthropology, which has been created along the lines of the 1970s and with the efforts of thinkers such as Geertz, Theres and Douglas in the humanities, sees culture as a set of meanings that are understood and interpreted through symbols and symbols. The cinema is also used as a textual media for transmitting cultural meanings. One of the most suitable tools for analyzing cinematic texts is the use of semiotics, which is a cohesive and fruitful way in cinematic studies. Pomegranate, a film adapted from the life of Sayat Nawa (Armenian poet of the eighteenth century), is a mixture of evangelical symbols, religious portraiture, indigenous art and Armenian folk architecture. This article is based on the Clifford Geertz view, using qualitative content analysis and library methodology, with the approach of symbolic anthropology. The findings show that Parajanov is an expensive Armenian ethnographer who has well-known ethnic and ethnic elements in Armenia, and has witnessed the transformation of indigenous, religious, and religious symbols into the life of the Armenian people during the Soviet era. He has been able to express the mystical thoughts of the Armenian poet by effectively using colloded collages. This article deals with the classification of 10 symbols and symbols in the color of pomegranate film.
alireza esmaili; ali bigdeli; mehrnaz behroozi
Abstract
Erecting monuments for political and cultural figures has long been a tradition in our architecture. To set up these monuments, according to the personality of the people, various symbols and signs have been used. In the contemporary history, the National Monuments Association, by building dozens of ...
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Erecting monuments for political and cultural figures has long been a tradition in our architecture. To set up these monuments, according to the personality of the people, various symbols and signs have been used. In the contemporary history, the National Monuments Association, by building dozens of tombs and statues for political and cultural figures, has been one of the leading institutions in this field. In this respect, in 1955, the Society for the National Heritage has directed Houshang Seyhoun and Abolhassan Sedighi, two well-known artists in the field of architecture and sculpture to construct tomb and statue of Nader Shah. The opening and operation of this complex lasted until 1963.Due to special position of Nader Shah in the history of Iran and his acceptability among the masses, this action of the Association has got particular importance among the activities of the next term. In this article, in addition to analyzing the artistic aspects of the monuments, by descriptive and analytical method and using new documents and researches, it is tried to answer the question that what political and ideological goals have been pursued by the Association and the government. The findings of this study show that the Association's engagement in this action at a particular phase in Iran's history, and the king's direct and persistent support for it, has reasons far from the merely construction of a monument for a historical figure such as Nader.
Tahmineh Bazdar
Abstract
One of the main focal points of the Silk Road as the East-West communication highway is the vast land of China. The Silk Road was not only a way for China to trade with other countries, but more importantly for cultural, interpersonal and social exchanges. The most basic tools for such an exchange are ...
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One of the main focal points of the Silk Road as the East-West communication highway is the vast land of China. The Silk Road was not only a way for China to trade with other countries, but more importantly for cultural, interpersonal and social exchanges. The most basic tools for such an exchange are language and language products. Iran is one of the greatest countries which had been crossed by the major part of the Silk Road; Iran's particular conditions, means being on the major part of the Silk Road and its proximity to China, have led to widespread cultural and linguistic exchanges between these two great civilizations. Researches have illustrated that in addition to Sanskrit, Persian Language has had profound effects on Chinese culture, especially on the ethnic Muslim minority culture of the country, which remains to this day. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to give an overview of the first documents and signs found and remaining of Persian script and language in Chinese language, especially the first stages of teaching Persian language in this land. Persian Loanwords in Chinese language, the first translation school, and the first Persian-Chinese dictionary, “Huihui” are among these documents in China. In this study, we will analyze and examine them.
Vajihe Alsadat Pournajafi; shahrooz shariati
Abstract
The relationship between the language and the thought in the understanding of universe has been always regarded as one of the long standing intellectual concerns in human sciences, and studying the relationship between these variables has turned into a scientific and academic activity. But according ...
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The relationship between the language and the thought in the understanding of universe has been always regarded as one of the long standing intellectual concerns in human sciences, and studying the relationship between these variables has turned into a scientific and academic activity. But according to some theories such as ‘linguistic turn’ and the related criticisms, nowadays, the language has lost its importance as a tool for thought transition and has been presented as a means for shaping and revelation of the outer world. The present article studies the relation between the human and the universe in Chinese language system and focuses on the importance of correlation between the language and the thought based on philosophical and ontological reflections in Chinese language and characters. In this article, Chinese written system, as the only universal written system which has been developed as an interconnected chain since 8000 BC and survived as a bearer for transferring Chinese culture and intellect, can now at least function in the form of Chinese civilization, as a black box in understanding and discovering human’s ontological foundations. Accordingly, in addition to studying the Chinese written system in ancient time, the present article, from a cultural point of view, tries to find that how the relationship between the human and the universe has been reflected in Chinese written system using the doctrines of some prominent contemporary language theories
Ali Pezhhan; Anita Kamaliha
Abstract
The influence of religion on demographic behaviors has been extensively studied mainly for Abrahamic religions. Although Buddhism is the world´s fourth largest religion and is dominant in several Asian nations experiencing very low fertility, the impact of Buddhism on childbearing has received ...
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The influence of religion on demographic behaviors has been extensively studied mainly for Abrahamic religions. Although Buddhism is the world´s fourth largest religion and is dominant in several Asian nations experiencing very low fertility, the impact of Buddhism on childbearing has received comparatively little researchattention. This paper draws upon a variety of data sources in different countries in Asia in order totest our hypothesis that Buddhism is related to low fertility.Religious differentials in terms of period fertility in three nations (India, Cambodia and Nepal) and cohort fertility in three case studies (Mongolia, Thailand and Japan) are analyzed. The analyses are divided into two parts: descriptive and multivariate analyses.Our results suggest that Buddhist affiliation tends to be negatively or not associated with childbearing outcomes, controlling for education, region of residence, age and marital status. Although the results vary between the highly diverse contextual and institutional settings investigated, we find evidence that Buddhist affiliation or devotion is not related to elevated fertility across these very different cultural settings.
reza chehrghani
Abstract
Awakening, Enlightenment, and Modernization in Tajikistan Under the influence of the views of Ahmad Makhdum Danesh (1897-1828) and his “Navader alvaghaye began with the education movement and so far, it has gone through various periods and has taken different approaches, such as religious, secular, ...
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Awakening, Enlightenment, and Modernization in Tajikistan Under the influence of the views of Ahmad Makhdum Danesh (1897-1828) and his “Navader alvaghaye began with the education movement and so far, it has gone through various periods and has taken different approaches, such as religious, secular, Marxist, nationalist, and so on. In all of these periods, Persian language and literature has been used as a vehicle or platform for the development of modernism, thinking, and related topics, or as a means of conveying the concepts and ideas of this system. In some historical contexts, the category of Persian / Tajik language, script or literature has itself become an Identity maker element for Tajik intellectuals. Therefore, using a descriptive-analytical method, this study has attempted to analyze the role and influence of Persian language and literature in the formation and continuation of modern thinking and modernization or evolution in Tajikistan. The results of the research show that Persian language and literature has become subjective and sometimes subjective in relation to modern thought and modernity in this country and its historical continuity. The results of the research show that Persian language and literature has been a method and sometimes a goal in relation to modern thought and modernity in this country and its historical continuity. Such that, most of his intellectual works and modernistic ideals were presented in genres and literary formats. In addition, in the later periods, in contrast to the emergence and power of pan-Turkism and the ignorance of the Tajik identity and historical presence in transitions or in the story of the change of Persian line to Russian or Cyrillic, the category of native language and Persian literature and the preservation of Linguistic honors and Literary legacies, as a sacred ideal, have become the main concern of Tajik intellectuals in their social struggle.
Hamidreza Dalvand
Abstract
Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest religions in the world that its documents are scattered in most ancient languages and ancient civilizations. Now, we hear the echoes of its voice over the course of history so that it can be traced in all lands and cultures. From Far East to Middle East and Europe ...
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Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest religions in the world that its documents are scattered in most ancient languages and ancient civilizations. Now, we hear the echoes of its voice over the course of history so that it can be traced in all lands and cultures. From Far East to Middle East and Europe and America, Zoroastrian texts are kept in well known libraries, as human heritage. Meanwhile, India has a special situation. Aside from the links of the Vedic and Gathas age, India welcomed the Iranian Zoroastrian immigrants in the days after the Sassanid reign. Thus, a large part of the cultural documents of Iran were transferred to India during the last millennium. Investigating and introducing these documents has an important role in clarifying the dark angles of the history of Zoroastrianism. In this paper, the importance of one of these documents is expressed: The Adharu Kersasp's verse which well shows that how Parsi Calendar sects were formed at the end of the yazdgirdi 12th century
Khadije Hajyan
Abstract
Iran Iran qwfdgsu gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsgf u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsg u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv ...
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Iran Iran qwfdgsu gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsgf u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsg u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsg u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsg u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsg u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsg u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsg u gfjdnv jnvid nvjkpp [fnd nviol nvpewm lcxvbdd ,;l; nvtc [dn tuv iwef kl; vcn , sdj nvghfd vhfui nvufhs afsg
hasan zolfagari
Abstract
For a long time, kinds of showmanship have been held for entertainment in Iran each of which has its own procedure. In this article, while referring to the dramatic showmanship, their kinds and styles will be addressed from the perspective of orientalists andtravel writers. The benefit of this study ...
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For a long time, kinds of showmanship have been held for entertainment in Iran each of which has its own procedure. In this article, while referring to the dramatic showmanship, their kinds and styles will be addressed from the perspective of orientalists andtravel writers. The benefit of this study is to clarify the dimensions of the showmanship widely spread in parts of Iran. Sometimes travel writers have referred to some details in the performances which are very enlightening, details less indicated in Iranian sources and texts since Iranian writers have been familiar with the phenomenon, they have kept themselves from mentioning the details. In this article, with regard to the works of 25 Orientalists and travel writers, and also based on Persian works and texts, the dimensions of Iranian showmanship have been clarified. In this study, it turns out that some of the dramatic rituals in Iran have a long history, and others have been completely forgotten or altered. From these rituals there are terms and words have been remained in the language of the people, which are not clear for us due to the disappearance of their ritual. Not only such studies introduce us to popular culture and past life, they are some grounds for the study of dramatic literature.
Nasim Hasani Darabadi; zolykhah azhdariyan
Abstract
One of the methods for reading the image is the Panofsky method, in which iconography is linked with iconology, and a journey into the depths of Iran's painting art, which is a window to culture, ancient history, myths and beliefs of Iranians, can be traced. In the study of the position of man and objects ...
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One of the methods for reading the image is the Panofsky method, in which iconography is linked with iconology, and a journey into the depths of Iran's painting art, which is a window to culture, ancient history, myths and beliefs of Iranians, can be traced. In the study of the position of man and objects used in the images of the three stories of Zahhak, Rostam, Sohrab and Bijan from Tahmazabi's Shahnameh, mace Gaussar’s is observed and this question arises in the mind why the ghosts in their hands are bulls, and the monographs Safadi has a message in creating it. In this paper, we have tried to find a meaningful and meaningful image and function in the image with a comparative look and using the Panofsky pattern. The information in this article is collected by the library method and its research method is analytical-descriptive. Finally, there are two glances about the Gaussar’s Mace. The first weapon that will help the warrior in the battle and prevent the enemy's infiltration. Second, because Friedman draws it down and orders the blacksmiths, it refers to the bronze age and iron and rich resources in our land. Regarding the atmosphere of the Safavid era, the painter also sees himself in the epic space of the poet, as if the pen was in his hand as a wand, and he drove the balloon to the ground and knocked down the ground to wake the crowd.
Morteza Hessari
Abstract
The Urbanism architecture expresses in a public (ritual or control) and enduring manner the ability of an authority to control the materials, specialized power was symbolized and reinforced by the large scale on which processional ways, palaces, temple and houses were constructed. The seals and seal ...
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The Urbanism architecture expresses in a public (ritual or control) and enduring manner the ability of an authority to control the materials, specialized power was symbolized and reinforced by the large scale on which processional ways, palaces, temple and houses were constructed. The seals and seal impression motifs are one of the resources understanding architecture this period, that in this research has been used. The research methodology is descriptive - analytical, and data this research is library. The main purposes of this research: identify the use some of the architectural structures of this period as: temples, alcazar, repository, sheepcote; understanding the differences between parts of ritual and court; understanding the reason obtained seal motifs related to repository architecture in Khuzestan. The Urbanism period was a development specific; it reached the distant frontiers of the country in what must have been a network of communication and exchange probably emanating from Susa, the basic way they symbolize power, control of which is the fundamental measure of power. A striking example of such uniformity is urbanism architecture, which is associated with all urbanism societies in ancient near East. Urbanism architecture embraces houses, public building, Temple alcazar, repository, sheepcote; yet for all of the skills, that were invested and explain in their construction, the functional range of so “monumental architecture” found in the early civilizations was very limited. The emphasis on different types of monumental buildings also varied one early civilization to another and from region to region in a particular ancient Iranian civilization.
ebrahim khodayar
Abstract
Haji Abdol Azim Sharii (death: 1894) is the first biography writer of the literary environment of Bukhara that played a significant role in the second half of the 19th century to spread the idea of biography writing as a genre in Transoxiana through being inspired by Vazeh Bukharayi and other ...
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Haji Abdol Azim Sharii (death: 1894) is the first biography writer of the literary environment of Bukhara that played a significant role in the second half of the 19th century to spread the idea of biography writing as a genre in Transoxiana through being inspired by Vazeh Bukharayi and other Iranian contemporary writers. There is little known about this biography writer and his biography. This study aims to analyze the life of Sharii and his biography. The study employs content and genre analysis to pursue the following questions: Could we understand the real identity of Sharii? What are the Sharii's criteria to write a biography? The findings show that Sharii is an Iranian from Bukhara. His identity is still vague after one and a half century after his death. The study analyzes his criteria considering nine aspects: 1. penname, 2. racial and family relations, 3. literary and ideological ties, 4. birthplace, birth and death date, 5. occupation, studies, teachers, students, and contemporary figures, 6. other poets' works, 7. ties with the government, 8. rhetoric of biography writing, and 9. language.
farnoosh shamiliy; fatemeh ghafoorifar; amiir fariid
Abstract
Flag is a distinctive and distinguishing element among human civilizations and cultures, which can be considered as a symbol of the alliance of a civilization bearing a particular ideology during each era and being the source of the intellectual foundations of the earlier ages. The formation of the Safavid ...
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Flag is a distinctive and distinguishing element among human civilizations and cultures, which can be considered as a symbol of the alliance of a civilization bearing a particular ideology during each era and being the source of the intellectual foundations of the earlier ages. The formation of the Safavid era in the tenth century AD, brought about political, cultural, and religious solidarity for Iran, so that the consolidation of Shiite-Islamic thought is visible in the works of this period, especially in manuscripts. One of the most outstanding Iranian manuscripts is Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasb which was portrayed in that era. The written elements on the flags in the combat scenes of the book clearly explain the religious contents of the period, which benefited greatly from the art of calligraphy. Identifying the flags and the concepts used in their illustrations, the present research explains the visual and expressive aspects of the flags involving written texts in Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasb. Therefore, this study has three main questions: 1. what are the most important visual components of the flags in the Shahnameh? 2. The writing elements of the flags of Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasb involve what literature, content, and content? 3. What are the intellectual foundations of the illustrated flags of Shahnameh? This research has been done through a survey-analytical method. The type of technique used is a documentary and library technique through which the statistical samples of manuscripts have been studied. Research is based on first hand resources and authentic researches. The results of the research indicate that the flags have been written by characters such as Naskh, Thallith, Nastaliq and colored by colors such as Azure, Gold, Sangrf, and decorated by Khatay and Slymi figures. The writing elements of the flags are in line with the beliefs, cognitions and intellectual foundations of the Safavid era as well as the Iranian originality and reflect the artist's dedication to the religion of Islam and the preservation of Iranian culture
Seyed Reza Hoseini; Fatemeh Heidari
Abstract
The increase of some ritual and mythical concepts about trees has tied them to specific meanings and beliefs. One of these trees is the talking tree, which has a long history and has a wide presence in the art of different ethnic groups in the world, especially in Eastern cultures such as India. The ...
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The increase of some ritual and mythical concepts about trees has tied them to specific meanings and beliefs. One of these trees is the talking tree, which has a long history and has a wide presence in the art of different ethnic groups in the world, especially in Eastern cultures such as India. The aim of this study was to analyze the visual characteristics and visual qualities of the talking tree motif in Persian and Arabic versions of Qazwini's Wonders of Creation (Ajā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt) depicted in India and to analyze their similarities and differences. Accordingly, the research questions are: 1- What are the visual qualities used in the talking tree motif in the Persian and Arabic versions of Qazwini's Wonders of Creation depicted in India? 2- What are the aspects of similarities and differences in the talking tree motif in Persian and Arabic versions of Qazwini's Wonders of Creation depicted in India? The research method is descriptive-analytic and the data are collected using library resources. The statistical population of this research includes 11 images of six versions of Persian and Arabic Qazwini's Wonders of Creation.
ahmad rezaee
Sayed Mahdi Khatami; Azadeh Jalali
Abstract
Baghdad was built as the new city and capital of the Abbasids by Mansour. Baghdad has played a role as the political, economic, cultural and scientific capital, and it was one of the most important cities derived from the ideals of the king powers as urban planning patterns. Therefore, the study of Baghdad ...
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Baghdad was built as the new city and capital of the Abbasids by Mansour. Baghdad has played a role as the political, economic, cultural and scientific capital, and it was one of the most important cities derived from the ideals of the king powers as urban planning patterns. Therefore, the study of Baghdad planning and analysis of urban structure is important. Written research about history of Baghdad has been done, but the innovation of this article is analyzing the structure of Baghdad in physical, political, economic and social dimensions. So, using the descriptive-historical research method, the structure of Baghdad was analyzed. The results show that circular Baghdad design is influenced by the worldview governing the macro structure and functional details, and it is interpretation of the concept of city-power (centrality of the world empire), city-state (capital of government), city-market (expansion of trade routes) and city-people (cultural movements and social groups).
Mohammad Ali Safoora; Basir Salim Alaqeband; Amir Hassan Nedai
Abstract
Samurai genre, as one of most important parts of Japanese cinema history, had a significant role, in its seven decades of life, in emerging artistic threads in Japanese cinema, binging about a relative economical constancy for this cinema, and attracting attentions around the world to this cinema. Since ...
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Samurai genre, as one of most important parts of Japanese cinema history, had a significant role, in its seven decades of life, in emerging artistic threads in Japanese cinema, binging about a relative economical constancy for this cinema, and attracting attentions around the world to this cinema. Since genre studies in cinema mostly have been concentrated on Hollywood, especially on its studio system period, other cinemas, including valuable genres like Samurai genre in Japan on which great filmmakers from Mizoguchi and Kurosawa to Kobayashi and Oshima made films usually were neglected. This article applies Semantic/Syntactic approach of Rick Altman in genre theory, which regarded by genre theory experts most authentic theory for explaining cinema genres, into Samurai genre. So we will analyze this genre through the approach in two semantic and the syntactic sections by a descriptive/analytic method, and finally will provide a general vision of the class of this genre.
S.M. Mahdi Saatchi; khosro zafarnavaei
Abstract
The history of Chinese philosophy clearly shows that one of the most concerns for people of the region had been adaption of human with nature and society. In the field of art and painting, it can be concluded that for them, nature is very much the same as ink brush painting. Both nature and the paintings ...
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The history of Chinese philosophy clearly shows that one of the most concerns for people of the region had been adaption of human with nature and society. In the field of art and painting, it can be concluded that for them, nature is very much the same as ink brush painting. Both nature and the paintings are a symbol of beauty and harmony of the cosmos. Thus, this paper is based on the teachings of the Dao, the ideological influence in shaping all aspects of ancient Chinese culture, especially in the field of visual culture; the meaning of "nature" in Chinese landscape through coordination with it is studied. Conception of nature is related to spontaneity or spontaneous recall things and gets rid of the artificial matter. So when things being free to follow their natural path, moving in perfect harmony. Generally, Dao is symphonic with the nature of the course and flow of nature. The way Dao is in the Chinese art throughout history, e.g. natural and spontaneous course of things, and purpose of the artist's inspiration, stems from the notion of hidden power that touches the soul and variety it describes the different types of viewers. The purpose monk Dao should avoid is anything that is inconsistent with the nature. It is not nature that needs to reform and perfect, but it is “we” who need to change and we must adapt ourselves to do it. It should not be against nature and the nature of the way that artists go through. Artist should disappear in nature. The Dao School, as the driving principle of the universe (Dao) is defined as harmony between opposites that interact with each other (Yin and Yang). Balance between opposites is a natural force or spirit, called "chi" creates. Hence, landscape paintings (shan-shui) are also a reflection of the prevailing belief in the “Yin” and “Yang”.
Hamidreza Dalvand
Abstract
The Yazdgerdi calendar is one of the ancient monuments of the Iranian intangible heritage that has maintained its function both in the economic and scientific area of the Islamic world and in the religious domain of the Zoroastrian world. and every times, based ...
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The Yazdgerdi calendar is one of the ancient monuments of the Iranian intangible heritage that has maintained its function both in the economic and scientific area of the Islamic world and in the religious domain of the Zoroastrian world. and every times, based on the needs of users, it has changed. Each reform had its own consequences and had a special impact on the user community. For example, Moʽtazedi's reforms took the economic function of the Yazdgerdi calendar. And according to the place of the five days of andargāh in end of Aban or Espand, the reforms of the year 375 divided Zoroastrian society into two parts, the eastern and western parts. Or, the emergence of the Jalali calendar and Malekshah's reforms in the fifth century AH removed Iranian calendar from Zoroastrian society. One possible reform is the leap of year 500 in the Yazdgerdi calendar and within the legacy of Zoroastrianism. What we read in this essay is about that event and its aftermath have affected the Zoroastrian world to the present day. In the 18th and 19th centuries, this reform divided the Zoroastrian community of India into two parts.
Payam Zinalabedini
Abstract
Myths have such a special place in people’s thoughts and beliefs that by which one can promote a way of thought among people and sometimes dispatch a way of thought into oblivion. In line with this, Japanese writers and artists have successfully included such a goal in their dramatic and visual ...
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Myths have such a special place in people’s thoughts and beliefs that by which one can promote a way of thought among people and sometimes dispatch a way of thought into oblivion. In line with this, Japanese writers and artists have successfully included such a goal in their dramatic and visual works – among them animations – and tried their best to present it in new formats to their viewers. Manga, as a traditional designing style in Japan, which depicts various social questions in a fractionated manner in a single frame, has been used in Anime, the Japanese animation. The style in question has managed to build on Japan’s culture and myths to influence its audience at home and abroad. Naruto is one outstanding example of such works. The current research aims to identify the myths in the Japanese culture and analyzes them in Anime Naruto series. The researcher has applied a qualitative method with a descriptive approach based on reviewing library references, as well as archived audio and visual works. The research focuses on a review of Anime Naruto and the impact of cinema and Japanese myths on it. The results of the research show that cinema has left an impact on the Anime thanks to its realistic attitude. This advantage has in turn made Anime Naruto a believable animation series for different audiences
Reza Ghafouri
Abstract
KushNameh is a heroic poem and its subject is the adventure of an anti-hero called Kush-e Pildandān, which spent most of his life fighting the children of Jamshid and the Iranian heroes. In addition to KushNameh, other Iranian heroic texts also contain numerous narratives about the Pildandān, which ...
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KushNameh is a heroic poem and its subject is the adventure of an anti-hero called Kush-e Pildandān, which spent most of his life fighting the children of Jamshid and the Iranian heroes. In addition to KushNameh, other Iranian heroic texts also contain numerous narratives about the Pildandān, which often differ from that of the poem, especially that in this category of sources, there are numerous stories about the end of his life and how he was killed. One of the ambiguous points about KushNameh, and especially its hero, is the origin of the narratives that are often disagreed among scholars, and scholars have stated hypotheses such as the connection of Kush stories to the Koshan kings or, his Sam strips. In this paper, first, the stories of the Kush-e Pildandān in the Iranian heroic literature are examined and several theories about the story are addressed, and then evidence about the possible origin of the anti-hero narrative are provided.
