Abstract Old Asia, as the largest continent of Earth, has been home to the earliest human communities who organized their ancient lives within diverse cultures. The inhabitants of Asian lands, through migration and interactions—often challenging—left profound influences on one another and were never entirely isolated. Among the deeply rooted Asian peoples recorded in history, the most renowned may be the "Aryan" people, who branched into various groups. Over time, through cultural evolution and civilization-building, they emerged prominently during a pivotal historical period marked by the rise of urbanization, governance, and the age of writing, establishing their presence in the realm of civilization. This phenomenon has been evident since the third millennium BCE. 

Abstract This article attempts to analyze how Iranian hosts and Afghan refugees are represented in the literary work "Awar-e Bi-Khorshid" by Mohammad Hadi Mohammadi, using postcolonial theory. The main question of this study is: what messages are conveyed through the depiction of Afghan refugees in the narrative of "Awar-e Bi-Khorshid," and what role does this portrayal play in constructing a new identity for Afghans in contrast to the Iranian "Others"? The hypothesis of this research is that the portrayal of Buman, an Afghan child laborer, in Mohammadi’s narrative is reflected more prominently in the narratives of Afghan writers as well. These narratives emphasize Afghanistan’s and Iran’s differing identities, races, languages, cultures, and histories, and attempt to highlight their distinctions while also addressing the marginalized position of Afghan migrants. These stories give voice to the marginalized Afghan refugee community, enabling them not only to counter opposing narratives but also to invert this subordinate portrayal and speak about their cultural, historical, and natural advantages. Their power of speech and storytelling has influenced Iranian writers’ perceptions as well, prompting them to produce their own works within such a discursive space.

Abstract As a fundamental element in the Shiite mourning rituals, Ashura music reflects the event of Karbala and manifests deep devotion to Imam Hussein (AS) and his loyal companions. This research, adopting an anthropological and sociological approach, conducts a comparative and analytical study of Ashura sounds in the two regions of Minab and Muscat. The main goal is to accurately identify the socio-cultural dimensions of these sounds in two different cultural contexts with an emphasis on the rituals, traditions, and beliefs associated with them. The research method used is a combination of descriptive, analytical, and comparative studies that examine the meanings, concepts, and symbols hidden in the performance of Ashura sounds and their role in the social and cultural structure of both regions. This research seeks to discover the commonalities and differences of Ashurai sounds in Minab and Muscat, as well as analyze the impact of cultural, social, and historical factors on the formation and development of these traditions. The findings of this research will ultimately contribute to a better understanding of the role of Ashurai music in preserving and transmitting the cultural-religious values ​​of the societies on the Persian Gulf coast, especially in the context of preserving the Ashura epic, and can pave the way for future research in this field.

Abstract Cinema has become the most popular and influential art form in the 20th century, knowing its influence on the audience, including the female audience, seems very important.  The new research conducted in the field of epigenetics confirms the profound effects on human personality.  Epigenetics is a theory in the field of heredity that states genes have memories to record events.  This research, which is presented with the method of qualitative analysis and using the descriptive-analytical method, investigates the results of the conducted research, epigenetics, cinema on the vulnerability of women cinema audience and finally the possibility of transferring these roles including passivity and personality traits to generations.  Traits to different future generations.  The results of the analysis of the two selected target films from two different decades of Iranian cinema show that when a person is exposed to watching films in which women are shown as a passive being without decision-making power, her mind and consequently her character is significantly affected, and ultimately leads to more passivity.

Abstract The present article, with a structural approach, and by classification of hadiths assigned to Holiness Prophet Muhammad (S) and the Innocent Imams (A) on Writing and Calligraphy, considering historical periods of issuance of each hadith, is allocated to this question that what periods and processes of the history of science in Islamic civilization, in particular, in its first centuries, are explainable by analyzing Writing and Calligraphy hadiths . Based on such analysis, one can understand better the cultural and artistic developments of golden ages of Islamic World, i.e., Third to Fifth Hijri centuries.

The prophet's hadiths confirms the Revelation writing, public education, moral and spiritual training of the writers, and emphasizing on basic education of handwriting encouraging beautiful writing and calligraphy. However, symbols of flourishing of Islamic civilization, such as unexampled evolution of Islamic scripts, researchers, development of sciences, creation of calligraphy jobs, and excellent writing of Quran, were gradually embodied in Ahl-e Beit's (the Innocents') Hadiths, which proves the development of Culture and Sciences in Islamic Civilization.

Abstract Coverage is one of the topics that varies according to the geography and culture of each region. This issue has not only been affected by geography, but also by factors such as religion. Among the periods discussed among historians are the periods of the Qajar rule in Iran and the period of the fall of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia. Women in these governments have been an integral part of society. With the advent of Islam and its acceptance by the Turks and Iranians, Islamic-Arab customs and traditions have been seen in the governments formed in Iran and Anatolia. The rules of Islam have been seen in every field, especially women's clothing. With the rise of the ideology of modernism in the world in the 18th century, the Ottoman and Qajar governments were not unaffected. Women's clothing was one of the things that changed. How women dressed in the Ottoman and Qajar rule is one of the issues that have been studied. This research seeks to answer questions such as the type of women's clothing in the mentioned periods and the answer to the extent of the influence and influence of these governments from other new cultures that emerged after the 1789 French Revolution in the world. In addition to the use of library resources, the resources of the National Archives of the President of Turkey in Istanbul have also been used to investigate this issue.

Abstract Cities, like humans, have independent and different identities. Urban identity includes the characteristics that distinguish a city from other cities. The issue of urban identity plays a key role not only in identifying cities but also in the process of identifying citizens and strengthening urban culture. The identity bases of cities have been formed under the influence of natural, artificial, human and historical events. These elements play an important role as meaningful signs in reading the meanings hidden in the physical space of the city and understanding the differences and continuity of cities. The purpose of this article is to analyze the explanatory signs of urban identity in Tehran during the Qajar period and how they function. The method of this research is historical-interpretive and based on the approach of urban semiology. In this approach, the existence of signs and meanings of physical elements for reading the environment and understanding the identity-building components of Tehran in the Qajar era has been investigated. The findings of this study indicate that symbolic symbols, due to their historical, cultural and mythological origins, have a greater explanatory capacity in representing the identity components of Tehran in the Qajar era. In the process of semiotics of Tehran urban spaces in this period, some inconsistencies of signification and function can be understood only through historical significations.

Abstract Integrating insights from cultural geography into peacebuilding practices can significantly enhance their effectiveness. By focusing on these insights from cultural geography, peacebuilders can create communities that are not only resilient to conflicts but also thrive through diversity and cooperation. Understanding the social, historical, and spatial dimensions of these concepts allows for the development of more precise and impactful approaches to establishing and maintaining peace in different societies. Accordingly, the present article, relying on a descriptive-explanatory method, examines the interaction between cultural geography and peacebuilding and argues that by embracing and recognizing aspects such as cultural identity, place-making, cultural heritage, intercultural dialogue, the importance of bottom-up peacebuilding, and understanding the significance of the environment, peacebuilding efforts can create environments where diverse communities coexist peacefully. These strategies not only address immediate conflicts but also contribute to a long-term resilience and social cohesion. In a world still grappling with numerous challenges, learning lessons from cultural geography as fundamental principles will be effective in shaping a peaceful future.

Abstract Modern man in today’s crowded society and world is full of repressed desires and emotions. He is always trying to find a way to get out and eliminate his unpleasant feelings. For this reason, it is possible to turn to cases that are reprehensible in society and in terms of moral and human values, one of the ways to achieve the emotions that have accumulated deep within human beings is to identify with various fantasies with the help of imagination. This can be done with the help of black cinema. The frames and scenes in the black anime convey feelings such as fear, disgust, emptiness and emptiness due to their aesthetics and unique structure, according to their content and content. Grotesque’s works have the same function, and it can be said that some Japanese animations are imbued with elements of grotesque.    The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure and nature of animation, especially Japanese anime, and to investigate the influence of Grotedque on characterization, space making and narration of black works which is done in a descriptive and analytical manner. Understanding the function of the elements of grotesque in films requires analysis.

Abstract A mosque is a place of worship and gathering of Muslims in Islamic cities, which usually has a high position among urban or rural elements. In Iran, tiles are used both for decoration and for building strength. In most cases, tile art is used in pattern decorations inspired by motifs and colors with the geometric structure of the sun in the tiling of mosques. In the Islamic era, inscriptions became important due to the importance of calligraphy and the prohibition of painting. The decorations of the inscriptions are obtained by mixing and juxtaposing lines and motifs, and they were worked with different materials and materials according to their time, place or position. The results of this research, which is qualitative-analytical and descriptive, show that in Nasir al-Molk Mosque, the western nave is different from the eastern nave, the garland and the pearl arch. Because from the point of view of simplicity in tile designs, it only has geometric designs and no inscriptions. But the tile motifs in the Eastern Shabestan, the garland and the pearl arch include plant motifs and animal motifs such as the nightingale, which is a feature of Qajar architectural motifs, are not seen. Among these plant motifs, the motifs of buildings and architecture in the European style are very prominent. In terms of inscriptions, according to the abundance, priority is given to the third script and then the Kufi script with themes of Quranic verses and supplications.

Abstract The subject of migration, as a global phenomenon, not only has economic and social dimensions but also encompasses profound cultural and identity-related aspects. Afghan migrants in Iran, with shared experiences of war, migration, and life in the host country, have formed a collective identity influenced by migration policies, social discrimination, and cultural resistance strategies. This research examines the role of collective memory in shaping the identity of migrants, the impact of government policies, and their cultural resistance strategies. The research methodology is qualitative with an ethnographic approach, utilizing techniques such as participant observation and in-depth interviews with 22 migrants (16 men and 6 women) in the Ghaem neighborhood of Qom. The findings indicate that the collective memory of migrants, as a dynamic process, is shaped by factors such as shared experiences, Iran's migration policies, and socio-economic discrimination. Restrictions on residence, employment, and education directly affect their collective memory and identity. Moreover, migrants employ strategies such as preserving language, celebrating traditional festivals, preparing traditional foods, and transmitting personal narratives to resist cultural assimilation and safeguard their identity. The results suggest that reforming migration policies can help create an environment where migrants are able to maintain their identity and achieve better integration. This approach not only improves their social and cultural conditions but also strengthens intercultural interactions.

Abstract The sultans of Qutb Shahi ruled in Deccan from 1518 to 1687. Its founder was Sultan Mohammad Qoli qutb Shah. After the establishment of the Safavid state in Iran, they officially declared themselves Shiites, and Sultan Mohammad removed the sermon in the name of the caliphs and recited the sermon in the name of Ismail, the founder of the Safavid dynasty. Qutb Shahi has always been on their official agenda. And this helped a lot in the development of Shiite culture, which also created a great influence on the Iranian language, literature, culture and architecture. It is on the day of Tasua and Ashura. For this purpose, places called Ashurakhaneh were built, and in this article has been introduced the oldest and largest one in Hyderabad, which was built by Qutb Shahian, . It should be noted that most of the contents of this article are the result of the author's observations and for this reason little resources have been used.